The Lonely Planet Guide to Barbados

Major Industries

Tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export, agriculture, fishing.

Trading Partners

Caribbean Community (CARICOM), UK, US

Getting There and Away

Barbados' Grantley Adams International Airport is on the island's southern coast, 16km (10mi) southeast of Bridgetown. Over the next few years, the airport is undergoing massive expansion. When complete, it will be the main gateway to the south and southeastern Caribbean, especially for flights from Europe. From the North American mainland, American Airlines, Air Canada, Air Jamaica, Air Sunshine, Continental Airlines and US Airways operate services from major US and Canadian cities. BWIA (British West Indies Air, based out of Trinidad) has flights from London, Frankfurt and Zurich, while British Airways and Virgin Atlantic fly to Barbados from London-Gatwick. Condor makes the trip from Frankfurt. Several airlines - including LIAT, BWIA and Caribbean Star - offer flights from Barbados to other Caribbean destinations. In season, a steel band and complimentary rum punch greet arriving passengers; a modest airport departure tax is the island's kiss good-bye.

Few car rental agencies have booths at the airport, but most will pick customers up. Otherwise travellers have a choice of catching a taxi to their destination or simply walking out onto the road and catching a local bus.

About 500,000 cruise-ship passengers arrive in Bridgetown's harbour each year.

Getting Around

The best and cheapest transport option on Barbados is the bus. There are three kinds of buses: government-operated public buses, which have the most extensive routes; a privately operated minibus system; and route taxis.

Renting a car is another good way of getting around. None of the island's many car rental agencies is affiliated with a major international rental chain, so just call to book a car and someone will swing by your hotel to pick you up. Temporary driving permits are required; they can be obtained for a small fee through your rental agency. In Barbados, you drive on the left.

Taxis are also available and fares are fixed by the government. However, vehicles are unmetered so establish a fare in advance, especially if you hire a taxi for a sightseeing tour. Rent bicycles in Hastings and Maxwell. Because of Barbados' easterly position and challenging sailing conditions, it's well off the main track for most sailors and there's no local yacht charter industry.

Tyrol Cot Heritage Village

The stables have been converted into a restaurant, and sandwiches are available in a replica rum shop.

Sam Lord's Castle

Although there's little doubt that Lord was a scoundrel, most historians discount the lantern story as folklore. Lord's former home looks like a stately residence rather than a castle and contains a modest collection of paintings and antique furnishings.

Sunbury Plantation House

The interior retains its plantation-era ambience and is furnished in antiques, many made from Barbadian mahogany. In the area behind the house is a collection of horse-drawn carriages. Tours are given by guides well versed in local history. Have lunch or tea at the Courtyard restaurant, or a five-course dinner served on Sunbury's 200-year-old mahogany dining table.

For more information visit: http://www.barbadosgreathouse.com

Barbados Museum

Housed in an early 19th-century military prison, this museum has engaging displays on all aspects of the island's history, with good treatment of the colonial era, slavery, emancipation and military history. There's also an African culture gallery and a children's gallery.

For more information visit: http://www.barbmuse.org.bb

Welchman Hall Gully

Welchman Hall Gully is a thickly wooded ravine with a walking track and nearly 200 species of lush tropical plants. Gullies like this were virtually the only places planters were unable to cultivate, and thus represent an important remnant of the forest that covered Barbados before the arrival of English settlers.

Pre 20th Century History

The original inhabitants of Barbados were Arawak Indians, who were driven off the island around 1200 AD by invading Carib Indians from Venezuela. The Caribs themselves abandoned Barbados around the time the first Europeans sailed into the region.

Portuguese explorer Pedro a Campos stopped on Barbados in 1536 en route to Brazil. Though he had no interest in settling the island, it's thought that he introduced pigs to Barbados with the intention of using them as a food source on return voyages. It was Campos who named the island Los Barbados ('the bearded ones'), presumably after the island's fig trees, whose long, hanging aerial roots have a beard-like resemblance.

Captain John Powell landed on Barbados in 1625 and claimed the uninhabited island for England. Two years later, his brother Captain Henry Powell landed with a party of 80 settlers and 10 slaves. The group established the island's first European settlement, Jamestown, on the western coast at what is now Holetown. More settlers followed in their wake and by the end of 1628 the colony's population had grown to 2000.

Within a few years the colonists had cleared much of the native forest and planted tobacco and cotton. They replanted their fields with sugar in the 1640s. To meet the labour demands of the new crop, planters who had previously relied upon indentured servants began to import large numbers of African slaves. Their estates, the first large sugar plantations in the Caribbean, proved immensely profitable, and by the mid-17th century the planters and merchants were thriving.

In 1639, island freeholders formed a Legislative Assembly, only the second such parliament established in a British colony (Bermuda was the first). Barbados was loyal to the Crown during Britain's civil wars and, following the beheading of King Charles I in 1649, Oliver Cromwell dispatched a force to establish his authority over Barbados. The invading fleet arrived in 1651 and by the following year Barbados had surrendered and signed the Articles of Capitulation, which formed the basis for the Charter of Barbados. The charter guaranteed government by a governor and a freely elected assembly, as well as freedom from taxation without local consent. When the British Crown was restored in 1660, this charter ironically provided Barbados with a greater measure of independence from the English monarchy than that of other British colonies.

The sugar industry continued to boom into the next century, even after abolition. Emancipation came in 1834 but failed to solve the poor living conditions of black islanders. Virtually all the island's arable land remained in the hands of large plantation owners, and most former slaves had few options other than to stay on the plantations. Those who did leave often ended up in shanty towns.

Modern History

During the economic depression of the 1930s, unemployment shot upwards, living conditions deteriorated and street riots broke out. As a consequence, the British Colonial Welfare and Development Office was established to provide sizeable sums for Barbados and other Caribbean colonies. To counter growing political unrest, the British reluctantly gave black reformers a role in the political process. One of those reformers, Grantley Adams, became the first premier of Barbados and was eventually knighted by the queen.

Barbados gained internal self-government in 1961 and became an independent nation five years later. As the sugar industry declined after WWII, tourism steadily increased its share of the island's economy. By the early 1990s it was the largest sector, and the sugar industry was in receivership.

Recent History

Barbados in recent times has been a peaceful kind of place that doesn't make too many waves, so to speak. International incidents tend to be rather humble affairs - at least superficially - as was the case in December 2001, when the PM threatened trade retaliation when Trinidad arrested two fishermen. A similar flare-up in February 2004 caused Barbados to take the case to a UN-backed tribunal. Barbados, like many of its neighbours, was included on an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) list of 35 countries accused of being uncooperative tax havens. A clean-up of its banking system led to its removal from the list in 2002.

A well-written little book describing the many historic buildings in the Garrison area.

Hoyos is a local historian who has written this acclaimed biography of a major Bajan figure.

Fraser, president of the Barbados National Trust, wrote this history of the island's architecture.

This acclaimed novel is a Bajan author's take on growing up black in colonial Barbados.